Shoushan Stone (Pyrophyllite/Dickite)

Shoushan stone is broadly classified into three main categories based on its origin: Tiankeng (paddy field), Shuikeng (water pit), and Shankeng (mountain pit). Tiankeng stones, particularly the prized Tianhuang (yellow field stone), are alluvial pebbles found in ancient riverbeds, known for their rounded shape and precious 'radish grain' patterns. Shuikeng stones, mined from underwater veins, are celebrated for their crystalline, translucent quality, often called 'jelly' stones. Shankeng stones, quarried directly from the mountains, represent the largest variety with a wide range of colors and textures. The cultural history of Shoushan stone dates back to the Southern Dynasties, but it rose to prominence during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it became the preferred material for carving seals for scholars, artists, and even emperors. The Qianlong Emperor, in particular, had an extensive collection of Tianhuang seals. For collectors, key considerations include the stone's origin and variety, the quality of its color and texture (purity, translucency, and luster), the presence of unique patterns like 'radish grains,' and the artistry of the carving. Rarity and provenance are also crucial factors that determine its ultimate value.